World Health Organization Conflict of Interest

The Conflict’s Background information The reaction and guidelines of WHO (World Health Organization) in regard to the influenza pandemic, have not been impacted on improperly, as far as the pharmaceutical industry is concerned. WHO was deeply concerned about the conflict of interest’ accusations. Moreover, the organization is contented with its independence in the pandemic’s decision- making.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World Health Organization Conflict of Interest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More WHO was accused of developing pandemics which were not genuine, with the intention of attracting economic gain. The conflict was institutionalized because the actors adhered to a particular pattern of rules, had a foreseeable behavior, and their relationship continued after solving the predicament. These allegations resulted to conflicts within the organization. Consequently, the various depart ments had to get in action and assess the pandemic. Laboratory analyses were conducted, and clinical and epidemiological information obtained from Canada, US, and Mexico. Initially, the reports obtained did not indicate a pandemic. The departments had to work hand- in- hand in the assessment of the pandemic. Later, infections with influenza were evident in one hundred and twenty nations. This proved that the pandemic was real. The accusation that WHO was faking pandemics to gain finances was declared irresponsible and wrong. Consequently, WHO publicized how it utilizes advisory bodies in response to the influenza pandemic. The conflict at WHO did not have features of conflict of values. All the departments were focused on solving the predicament, for the sake of the organization. The various departments did not fight over ideologies and values. Considering that all the departments were dedicated for a common and preferred goal, they kept their focus and did not experience a goal con flict. In my opinion, the organizational conflict at WHO was not a nonrealistic versus realistic conflict. Analysis of the Problem and Justification Conflicts are classified depending on the factors that lead to their start. There are several causes of conflicts. Using this criterion to classify conflicts leads to a better comprehension of their implications and nature. The conflict at WHO is characteristic of a retributive conflict. The departments at WHO opted for a draw- out strategy, in order to prove the opponents wrong. The conflict is also characteristic of a misattributed conflict, where WHO was accused of faking the pandemic to gain financial benefits. During the conflict, the conflicting parties were responsible, and did not direct their grievances to social entities. The departments within the organization took their roles keenly in establishing whether the pandemic was real. While solving the conflict, WHO never reached a point where the department’s emotions and feelings were incompatible.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the features of substantive conflict were identified in the WHO case. The various departments worked together with a common goal, and did not argue over their role. The WHO organizational conflict had no features of conflict of interest. The available resources were all dedicated to establishing whether the allegations against the organization were genuine. Four Levels Explaining the Conflict Best There are various levels of conflict analysis. The four levels that explain the conflict at WHO better are retributive, misattributed , interpersonal, organization, and community conflict. The various departments had to work under pressure to establish whether there was influenza pandemic. The community was at risk and, hence, its involvement was essential. Finally, the organization was at risk. Its image would be t arnished if it did not prove the accusers were wrong. In the light of this discussion, it is recommendable that organizations should unite when faced with challenges, which prevents division. This essay on World Health Organization Conflict of Interest was written and submitted by user All1e to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why New England Lacked Diversity essays

Why New England Lacked Diversity essays Every human has their own preferences to their living environments and their own level of flexibility when it comes to adapting to a certain environment, or country. There can be many various reasons for a citizen who was born and raised in a country to move from there to a different one. Some of the main and most common causes could be the lack of food or nutrition that the people there are receiving. Oppression and oppressive governments are very popular causes for leaving a country. Some citizens leave because their government is not caring enough and not doing enough to help the people of that country. It could also be the opposite of that, and how governments are doing too much and the citizens cannot make their own choices and do not have freedom for themselves, which can also be known as communism. Opportunity is something that a lot of natives from various countries would do anything for and is an extremely common reason for natives to give up their country for another. Food or nutrition for people is a basic life need and necessity. The lack of food in a country, especially over time is life threatening. When your life may depend on leaving your native country to find nutrients for your body, youre basically forced to leave, not only to keep yourself alive, but also for the lives of your family members. An example of this would be the potato famine that occurred from 1845 to 1850 in the country of Ireland. During that tragedy 1.5 million Ireland natives left to come to America. Since that famine caused 1 million deaths it was an excellent idea to leave Ireland. Not only do natives of a country leave because their forced to from the lack of nutrition, but they can also leave for the purpose of buying specialties such as needed spices that serve as several different uses. The Europeans traveled around the world just to get their hands on various and unique types of spices. Oppression is a serious and depres...

Stakeholder in the Information System Assignment - 31

Stakeholder in the Information System - Assignment Example Consulting stakeholders, when it comes to redesigning a new system, is extremely essential in a business (Lejk and Deeks 16). Stakeholders, in system analysis, are the individuals who determine the main requirements, which should be met by the whole system so as to meet the wants of the sponsors, customers, as well as the users. Also, the aim of redesigning a new system is to do away with the inappropriate technologies, which limit the productivity of the current system. Stakeholders, in system analysis, know the best technology, which will work appropriately with the new system (Lejk and Deeks 16). They can help design the proper system, which will assist them in their dealings. (iii) Consider the college-wide IT infrastructure. If you were a systems analyst in the college investigating wireless access, list a non-technical and technical user who you would consult as part of your investigation. For each user, outline three (3) issues you might want to discuss with them in an interview. Some of the issues that I could discuss with the non-technician user are how to interact with customers, who to interact with designers, as well as assisting programmers to during the design of the system. A non-technician user, to information systems, mainly deals with the nontechnical part of the system and who I could be maintained (Lejk and Deeks 27). Therefore, a nontechnical user will assist me in learning how to relate to clients and how to document their requirements, which are mainly used to create business requirements and dealings. Also, a nontechnical user will assist me in interacting with designers in order to understand the limitations of using system analysis (Lejk and Deeks 27). A technical user, in system analysis, on the other hand, would help me understand the technical part of system analysis (Lejk and Deeks 28). Some of the main issues, which I could ask the technical user, are how to plan a system flow from the beginning, how to perform a system testing and how to deploy the completed system.  Ã‚  

Gang News Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gang News - Essay Example Because of these nefarious activities, schools in Maryland recognized the need to promote information campaign regarding the dangers of belonging to a gang. The program that would be implemented is called "What You Dont Know Can Hurt You," and it will be taught to students in fifth through 12th grades since these are the years that young people usually develop a social need to belong. Although there is nothing wrong in searching for a social group, there are certain groups that can have a negative influence to one’s life such as gangs. Adolescents usually place a premium on their relationships with friends and peer pressure can make one succumb to doing misdemeanor. For this reason, it is important that a child or a student should be warned of the dangers behind joining gangs. The article cited the case of one student named Christopher Jones, who was killed by a neighborhood gang last year. The public outcry resulted to the involvement not only of the State Attorney’s Office but other public agencies as well. This time, even the schools addressed the issue through the program. All the school administrators and educators agree that giving valuable and timely information would help the students in avoiding gang members as well as being affiliated with such groups. Aside from the lectures about gangs, important issues that plague young people today such as stranger danger, internet safety and sexual abuse would be incorporated in the discussions with elementary school students. As for the middle school and grade school, an in-depth discussion on gang activities and recruitment would be given. Emphasis would also be on the consequences of having a criminal record at a young age. Hopefully, such programs would be a deterrent in joining gangs. Some years ago, this state did not imagine having this kind of problem since gang problems usually happen on the West Coast; however,

Immigration situation of Switzerland

Immigration situation of Switzerland CURRENT IMMIGRATION SITUATION IN SWITZERLAND AND ESPECIALLY IN CANTON ST. GALLEN Introduction The problem of immigrants has contributed to be one of the thorny issues in the world as we enter into the new millennium. There has been increased legal and illegal immigration over the world which has been prompted by push and pull factor. The push factors have been caused by economic, social and political, problems that have been experienced in many parts for the world. As a result people have been moving from one area to another in search of safer areas. Political unrest which has come with deteriorating economic conditions has been one of the factors that have been prompting people to migrate to other areas. The pull factor has been mainly cantered around the search for greener pastures for better life. As a result there has been increased migration of people especially to the developed nations where there are economic fortunes. The problem of immigration is not new to the world and has been a constant cause of conflict between nations. For example there has been along standing border conflict between Mexico and the United States due to the problem of immigration. Switzer land has not been spared either and there have been increased migration of people to the nation. Some of the regions in the country have been hosting a large number of immigrants than others. For example St. Gallan is one of the regions in the country that has a high population of immigrants. (Clive, 2004) History of Immigrant in Switzerland Due to the economic development that has been taking place in the country, there was increased immigration of people in an out of the country sine the early 1800s. The outflow of Swiss from their country had been well compensated by the inflow of foreigners especial German, Italians and Australia. The issue of immigration from Switzerland is not new and it dates back to many centuries ago. Most of this immigration who replaced the outflow of Swiss was political refugees and many of there were well educated. The first big wave of immigration in the country came after the collapse of the revolution movement in the country neighbour which happened around 1830. The second wave came immediately after the defeat of the revolution in 1848. Many on of the new immigration how came to the country took up professional jobs. For example many of the German immigrants became teachers and when Zurich University was founded in 1833, man of the teaching position went to Germans. (Fahrin, 2003) There was a major contribution that was made by other immigration especially in the are of industrial and entrepreneurial skills. For example a police born Antoine November de Patek was a joint founded of the Patek Philippine company which has been one of the leading watch makes in Geneva since it was started in 1845. Several other immigrants especially the Italians made a great contribution to the labour force and were employed in Switzerland engineering project like Gotthard and Simplon rail tunnel. In general we can say that immigrants are not new to the country and they have been making a greater contribution to the development of the country. The current situation of immigrant in Switzerland Since 1950, the government signed a convention that has confirmed to grant asylum to many people in the world. There has been increased number of application for asylum in the country and currently there are more people under asylum in Switzerland than in any other nation in the world. The population of the foreigners in the country has continued to rise since 1950 when it was recorded that 5.9 percent of the people in the country did not have Swiss nationality. The number has continued to increase since then and by 1970, it had risen to 15.9 percent. By 2002, the percentage had swelled to 21.6 percent. This makes it one of the countries in Europe together with Luxembourg which has a percentage of 37 percent, to have the highest number of foreigners in the soil. There have been factors that have been contributing to the increased number of immigrants in the nation. These are due to several interrelating factors. Although many have seen the neutrality nature of the nation to become one of the leading factors, the main reason that the country has been embracing such a high number of foreigners in its soil have been due to the need to have foreign labour. Since the exodus of the Swiss from their nation, the country has been relying on foreign labour. It has been shown that immigrating composes about 25% of the workforce with 50% working in hotel and restaurant and 33% working in the construction industry. (Riedo, 2008) At the same time there has been increase emigrating from former Yugoslavia, Turkey and other non European countries. There has been a decreasing number of immigration from Italy and Spain while the number of Yugoslavians, Turks, and Portuguese has been growing day by day. There has also been increased number of immigrants from Sri Lank, India and china with most Sri Lankans seeking asylum while most Indians and Chinese are coming as students. Adapted from: Migration Information Source: Switzerland faced common European challenges. Available at http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=284 It has been shown that the number of women entering the country has been increasing each day since 2000 as compared to the number of men who has been entering the country. The population of immigrants has also been remitting a good number of some of money every year. According to the national bank, it is estimated that the remittance to the nation has been standing at more than US$2.4 billion every year. St. Gallen is one of the cantons in Switzerland which boast of a high population in the country. With a highly population of immigrant in the areas, the canton has an abundant labour that supplies all its industries. Most of immigration in the canton are so Spanish origin having settled there long time ago. The canton is well situated as an important port of entrance through the sea which makes it one of the most important starting points for immigrating in the areas. St. Galen has been one of the cantons in the country that has been racing an increased number of immigrating since they started arriving in the country. Throughout history it has been used as the entry point to the country with majority of the immigrant first settling in the canton before moving out to other areas. As a result it population of immigrants has been selling day by day and currently it has one of the highest number of immigrants in the country. Although most of immigrants are Spanish of origin, there have been consequential settlements of other people in the area. There has been increasing mixture of different cultures and it is one of the reigns that represent the true fact of the Switzerland as a nation of neutrality. Therefore the canton has a diverse population of diverse origin and this diversity is also reflected in its religious worship. However Christianity is the dominant religion in the canton but there has been a growing number of other religions as well. With such a high population of foreigners in the canton, there has been an effort to try and integrate them together. The canton has a mixture of many immigrating and therefore the integration efforts have been aimed at ensuring that they live as one in harmony with one another. There have been several other efforts that have been aimed at ensuring that there is harmonisatoi of the Christianity which is the dominant religion in the area with other growing religions as well like the rising number of Muslims and other religions. (Swissowrld.org, 2008) References Clive, C. (2004). The politics and Government of Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan Fahrin. D. (2003). An outline of history of Switzerland. Pro Helvetia MPI, (2008). Country profile: Switzerland faces common European challenges. Retrieved from http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=284 on 8th May 2008 Riedo, R. (2008). Immigrating in Switzerland: possibilities and difficulties of integration. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1412079 on 8th May 2008 Swissowrld.org, (2008). Immigration. Retrieved from http://www.swissworld.org/en/history/the_federal_state/immigration/on 8th May 2008

Othello :: essays research papers

Without Trust, Love Cannot Prevail   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trust can be defined as assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something (Webster’s 1246). In life many people are faced with the decision on who or who not to trust, especially in the realm of love. Trust is one of the main factors needed to determine a healthy, loving relationship. In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the main character Othello is unable to trust his new bride Desdemona. In act one, scene three, Desdemona professes her love for Othello in front of her father, as well as the court. Regardless of Desdemona’s professed love for Othello, Othello fails to see her honest love and becomes blind of her devotion for her husband, when he should have had trust. Since Othello failed to have confidence in himself, when it pertained to love, he failed to have confidence in his wife and marriage, which led Othello to not trust his new bride. In society today lack of trust in one’s partner is able t o ruin a good relationship just as Othello did with his new marriage. Trust is a key factor in a healthy relationship, without it love is unable to prevail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In act one, scene three, Othello calls in his new bride to allow her to speak on behalf of their relationship. Without hesitation Desdemona speaks on behalf of herself and her love for her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"That I (did) love the Moor to live with him   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My downright violence and storm of fortunes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  May trumpet to the world. My heart’s subduded   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even to the very quality of my lord.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I saw Othello’s Visage in his mind,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And To his honors and his Valiant parts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did I my soul and Fortunes consecrate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So that, dear lords, if I be left behind,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A moth of peace, and he go to the war,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rites for why I love him are bereft me   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And I a heavy interim shall support   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By his dear absence. Let me go with him.† (Shakespeare 45, line 283-293). Desdemona professed her love for Othello in front of her father and the court. By doing so she reinforced the fact that no magic or mystical powers were used and she explained how she went with Othello freely, by doing so she redefines her own status as Othello’s wife (Calderwood 29). By confessing her love, Desdemona is presenting to Othello her faithfulness to him because she is allowing all of them (those in the court) to know about her love, which should allow Othello to see her love for him is real and that he is able trust her and love her.

My Name

As per the Chinese tradition, I was named by my grandfather after the Princess of Wales, Lady Diana Spencer, who was well known for her grace, beauty, and generosity of spirit.   I was born in America, although my origin is Chinese.   My grandfather felt that it was necessary for him to give me a name that sounds American (or European) in origin.   The name, Diana, felt appropriate also because it is a popular name among the Chinese (â€Å"Chinese Culture†). This name was derived from an old Indo-European root with the meaning, heavenly or divine (â€Å"Diana†).   Perhaps this is the reason why I am never offended when my friends often call me â€Å"Dee† or â€Å"Di.†Ã‚   I know that Lady Diana Spencer, too, was often referred to as Lady Di.   All the same, it is perhaps the sacredness of the meaning of my name, Diana, that saves me from feeling insulted when I am called, â€Å"Di† (pronounced as â€Å"Die†). In short, I have never had a problem identifying with my first name.   It is only my last name, Ng, that has given me some trouble, seeing that it is almost impossible for a person with American (or European) origin to read it correctly, unless of course he or she has conducted some research on the pronunciation of Chinese names.   Hence, unfortunately, there are few people I know outside my family that pronounce my last name correctly. Chinese last names are patrilineal.   In other words, they are passed from fathers to their children.   Chinese women are also typically known to retain their birth surnames after marriage (â€Å"Chinese Surname†).   Although I may or may not retain my last name after marriage, the mere fact that the last name is traditionally known to be significant enough to be used throughout one’s lifetime, gives me the reason to respect my own last name unconditionally.   This is despite  the fact that many people mispronounce my last name, Ng, as â€Å"Nig† or simply call me Miss N- G.   People have additionally made fun of my last name by remarking that NG stands for either â€Å"no good† or â€Å"not given.†Ã‚   Even so, I continue to honor my traditions and my family name. I understand that Ng is an unusual last name in America, and difficult to pronounce because it lacks a vowel.   Moreover, I have felt annoyed at people’s mispronunciation of my last name, and their mockery of it.   Ng was translated from Cantonese, and in Mandarin it is Wu.   The name has various other dialect variants such as Wone, Wong, Bong, Huynh, Hoang, Hwang, Oei, Oi, Ooi, Uy, Wee, and Ong (â€Å"Family Name: Wong†). Unsurprisingly, all of the dialectical variants are transliterated and pronounced differently.   Furthermore, because of the different pronunciations and romanizations, it is generally easy for the people of Chinese origins to tell whether a person using a different dialectical variant of a last name is from mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, or Southeast Asia including Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia (â€Å"Chinese Surname†). Many of my cousins in America have changed the last name to Eng in order to make it easier for others to pronounce.   I do not change it because I am quite attached to the idea of preserving good old family traditions.   According to Scott Edward Harrison, Chinese names in the original script are relatively problem free only for those who are familiar with the written language. But when those names are transliterated based on established standards of transliteration, some intelligibility may be lost.   This is certainly true with my last name.   So, even though my last name is often mocked or mispronounced, I do not overreact to the insult because I have perfect understanding of the nature of the problem. Had Chinese writing been popular in America, nobody would have had a problem saying my last name.   What is more, I have firm trust in the  fact that Americans do not mean to harm or humiliate me by saying my last name incorrectly, or using it inappropriately.   I do believe that the people I know respect and honor me as an individual.   Fortunately, in America one’s personal strengths are more important than one’s origins or name.   Hence, I have never really felt like a misfit, or suffered maladjustment in any way. One variant of my last name, Wong or Huang, is known as the seventh most common last name in China (â€Å"List of Common Chinese Surnames†).   The name is also used by many people in Vietnam, and almost one million in Korea.   Moreover, approximately two million Chinese people settled overseas are known to be using at least one dialect variant of my last name (â€Å"Family Name: Wong†).   According a 1987 study, there are more than four hundred and fifty surnames in use in Beijing (â€Å"Chinese Surname†).   Knowing that my last name, including its dialectic variants, is among the most popular Chinese names, makes it even easier for me to feel at ease with respect to my last name. Works Cited 1Chinese Culture. â€Å"Diana.† Retrieved from http://chineseculture.about.com/library/name/female/blna_diana.htm. (14 February 2007). 2.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Chinese Surname.† Wikipedia (2007, February). Retrieved http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_surname. (14 February 2007). 3.â€Å"Diana.† Behind the Name: The Etymology and History of First Names (1996). Retrieved from http://www.behindthename.com/. (14 February 2007). 4.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Family Name: Wong.† Retrieved from http://www.generasian.ca/roots_wong.html. (14 February 2007). 5. Harrison, Scott Edward. â€Å"Chinese Names in English.† Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, Volume 15, Issue 4 (1993, February). â€Å"List of Common Chinese Surnames.† Wikipedia (2007, February). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_Chinese_surnames. (14 February 20