Harvest House Through The Cce Program - 866 Words

The organization that I volunteered for was Harvest House through the CCE program. â€Å"Harvest House is an intensive rehabilitative program which provides a variety of integrated and varied life skills training for its member† (Orgsync). Harvest house is a place for both men and women with severe and chronic mental illness are able to gain community support and participate in services that focus on facilitating appropriate socialization, adaptive coping skills, improving self-confidence, and learning how to live with their mental disability. The particular activity that I participated in was receiving donated clothes from designated areas and bringing the clothes to the men and women at the Harvest House. The individuals who participate are living in severe poverty; some receiving as little as $50 a month from the Harvest House organization and having no other income. Harvest House works with both its members and professional staff who provide food to the members and set up meetings for them to interact with each other. The donated clothing that we brought to them is very helpful because it can provide things such as a winter coat, a scarf, a warm hat, or many other articles of clothing that these people would not normally be able to afford. †¢ It was interesting for me to volunteer for this organization because I was able to see how difficult life can be for people who have mental disabilities. †¢ The individuals at this organization varied greatly in the severity of their

Violent Video Games Are Numbing the Minds of Children Essays

Violent video games are undoubtedly a legalized drug to children and teens, numbing their thoughts and reprogramming their minds. Like a drug, it desensitizes them, and makes them more prone to violence. This idea of violent video games was not a phenomenon until the later 20th century, and evolved from racing into enemies, to free-for-all drug abuse and sexual/physical violence that most youth know and play today. These games have a detrimental impact on teens, making them eat more, become more aggressive, and wash away their morality. Although some may try to argue with reality, countering that its helps them socially, similar to the idea of teens taking drugs, violent video games reduce their overall health and need to be taken care†¦show more content†¦With todays market, if someone were to walk into any game store across the country, they would realize that any child with parental approval can attain these games, making it virtually easy for anyone of any age to play vi olent games. If we combine the 2009 study as well as this jaw-dropping statistic, we can easily see that most kids will grow up more violent than the previous generation, making today’s world full of danger and crime. Moreover, we can also see how indirectly, violent video games can cause teens to become more aggressive. According to a study conducted by Brad Bushman on violent video games, kids who played violent video games and were offered MM candy to eat while playing ate almost three times as much candy compared to kids who played non-violent video games under the same circumstances. Not only does this show the physical health effects of these games, but by processing this information, one can see that it shows a foundational fact that kids show less restraint overall when playing violent video games, whether in candy or violence. To conclude this study further, Bushman measured direct aggression through having teens in both criteria play a game where they would blast so meone else through noises with different volumes and lengths. The results showed that violent video gamers blasted their â€Å"partner† with louder andShow MoreRelatedVideo Game Violence: Therapeutic Outlet or Perpetuating Violence?1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe video game world is full of wonders, fantasy worlds, and even real life scenarios that we see on television. There are games based off of television shows, popular movies, and even comic book universes. In David Perry’s speech and presentation, â€Å"Are Video Games Better Than Life?† he brought up a lot of points about gaming both from its humble beginnings to where we are today. However, he made it clear that the discussion was to be about the video game world. Are video games better than realityRead More Videogames Dont Have a Negative Effect on Kids Essay example1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe children. One that many people overlook is video games, a national past time in almost every home. It is clear that they can cause changes in children, but are the changes good or bad? Do video games have a negative effect on kids? Personally, I felt there was nothing wrong with video games. I play them for fourteen hours or more a week, and I’ve been doing â€Å"fine† in life. I made it to a fine college, I learned unique words when I was young, and I even won prizes in some video game contestsRead MoreKilling Their Innocence671 Words   |  3 PagesKilling Their Innocence So here I was, watching a couple of kids, a brother (9) and a sister (11), during the Super Bowl this year while their parents were downstairs watching the game. We were playing the board game â€Å"LIFE†. All was going well, and then the brother (we’ll call him Sam) got bored as kids do. So Sam pulled out his iPhone and started looking for an app to appease his boredom. Before I knew it, Sam opened a gun app. This application allows the user to select any type of gun, rangingRead MoreAn Aggressive Action As Intentional Behavior994 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome part of our day-to-day lives. But what are the causes to this increase of human aggression? Why are humans becoming more numb to others pain and insensitive to their feelings? It’s chilling to see how the world around us can affect our state of mind. Many scholars have debated on whether aggression is due to biology or our environment. Tomas Hobbes for example, stated in 1651 that in our natural state, we are brutes and are prone to enforcing the law. He believed humans have a natural instinctRead More Video Game Violence Essay examples2549 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Video Game Violence Does Not Cause Violent Tendencies† An In-Depth Look at Video Game Violence and its Positives Effects â€Å"On Tuesday, November 2, while the rest of the country was voting, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in Schwarzenegger v. EMA, the landmark case in which the state of California is petitioning for the re-instatement of a California law banning the sale of deviant or morbid violent video games to minors† (Macris). This case is a current example of theRead MoreDota Addiction Effects in Academic Performance2977 Words   |  12 Pagesproperly, there’s always a negative effect that occurs. It can be in our thoughts, behaviors, actions, and or in other ways.      Computer games are slowly arousing and it is one of the things that bring the negative effect. Many people are playing and having so much fun with this that can be a form of entertainment. DOTA is one of the examples of computer games. And this is where our topic began to star.     DOTA means Defense of the Ancients. It is commonly the word that we can hear on most peopleRead MoreMasculinity As A Mental Self Destructive Tool2178 Words   |  9 Pagesmedia exhibit manhood. According to the film, â€Å"The average of boy’s media consumption ranges from 57 hours per week† (The Mask You Live In; 2015) This means they spend 40hrs watching television, ranging from cartoons to action movies, 15hrs playing video games, and 2hrs watching porn. There are five types of masculinity demonstrated in the media. Firstly, the mysterious form of masculinity is an emotionless, always composed character. His disciplined composure is portrayed as strong because he does notRead MoreMedia Violence9754 Words   |  40 PagesChildren are among the greatest of imitatorsÂ… The debate over media violence has eluded definitive answers for more then three decades. At first glance, the debate is dominated by one question. Whether or not media violence causes real life violence and whether or not it has a negative effect of the modern day Canadian family. Closer examination reveals a political battle. On one hand, there are those who blame media violence for societal violence and want to censor violent content to protectRead MoreInternet Addiction: Government Policy or Personal Responsibility?4485 Words   |  18 Pagesrestricting software; and other measures. However, the U.S. has yet to properly address this growing but silent disease. The implications of disease are seen with stories of individuals losing their jobs due to not being able to walk away from video games, constantly checking one’s Facebook page, acting out violently when a parent tells a child no more, increased level of stress or creating second lives online when they are becoming derelicts in their â€Å"real† lives. The stories are abundant, yet asRead More Reading and Censorship of the Harry Potter Novels Essay5573 Words   |  23 PagesReading and Censorship of the Harry Potter Novels J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, which have reached worldwide popularity have an effect on children has not been matched by any other book. The novels have encouraged children to read for entertainment instead of turning to television or video games. When a piece of literature inspires children as the Harry Potter novels do, limiting a child’s access to the novels seems ridiculous. Unfortunately, this is what is happening with Harry Potter

Global Economic Geography Spatial Organization

Question: Describe about the Global Economic Geography for Spatial Organization. Answer: Introduction The study of the location, spatial organization and allocation of economics activities across the world is termed as global economic geography. It mostly represents a conventional subfield of the discipline of natural features. On the other hand, various economists have approached the field in ways more distinctive of the regulation of economics. A variety of approaches has been adopted by global economic geography that mostly includes the location of industries as well as economics of linkages. Economists such as Paul Krugman as well as Jeffry Sachs have examined various traits related to global economic geography. As per the reports, between the year 1995 and 2007, the percentage of overseas residents increased to 12 percent from 2 percent in Spain. As a result, Spain went from being a sender to a recipient county. Spain received enormous migration inflows in the years prior to the Great Recession with an average of 1.4 percent of its total domestic populace. The migration inflows sustained during the first stage of the crisis at a rate of around 1.2 percent of the overall domestic population per year. As compared to this, the migration outflows were insignificant that increased to only 0.4 percent of the overall domestic population. The political response in terms of the labor market has been inadequate as well as unsuccessful. However, the major focus of the Spanish government was to stabilize the macroeconomic framework. Discussion The composition of the Spanish population mainly altered due to the significant changes of the immigration flows of the expansionary period. Most of the overseas population in Spain is mostly from other EU countries that includes Latin America and North Africa. The foreign population in Spain is younger as compared to the national population. The consequences of the Great Recession on the Spanish labor market have also been extraordinary. As per the reports, the rate of unemployment is much higher among the youth and the immigrant population. Given the elevated share of recent immigrants as well as the high rate of unemployment, it appears that Spain is in transition from enormous immigration to mass departure. [1] The case of Spanish migration mobility is exclusive mostly due to its magnitude and timing. Spain experienced one of the largest waves of migration in the history of Europe as compared to its population. During the year 2014, Spain received an increased migration inflow of 7.3 million as well as a net flow of 4.1 million. As a result, Spain was recorded as the second-largest recipient of immigrants in unconditional terms among OECD countries, the United States being the first largest. However, after the financial crisis, large number of outsiders leaving Spain increased rapidly. As a result, inflows became weaker, resulting in much lesser net flows. [2] Spain became a destination country for the immigrants that increased the migration inflows progressively. In the year 2015, the number of overseas residents increased sharply in Spain. The first attempt of Spain at immigration legislation was under the Socialist party government. However, migration outflows started to increase as the growth of GDP in Spain started to slow down. Since the year 2010, the total outflow in Spain was more than 400 thousand annually, both in relative as well as absolute terms. The high rate of migration outflow was due to the high mobility of the overseas nationals. As per the reports, during the year 2012 more than 50 per thousand of foreigners dwelling in Spain left the country. [3] Internal migration mobility is less costly as compared to international migration. The degree of inter-regional mobility in Spain was moderately low despite significant divergences in the rates of unemployment as well as wages. There are large flows of workers in Spain, moving from employment to unemployment that are not caused due to financial downturn. As per the reports, in the year 2015 there are more than 6.1 million individuals in Spain who are foreign-born. Out of these population, more than 4.5 million people did not opt for the citizenship in Spain. The population in Spain jumped to 47 million in the year 2010 due to the pronounced demographic shifts that were experienced in Europe. Due to migration mobility, the number of outsiders living in Spain augmented eightfold in just over a decade. There was absence of intolerant backlash both at the political level as well as at everyday life. [4] The migrants brought with food and music as well as their festivals. This in turn, added small amount of colors to Spain that had stayed unexpected homogenous for much of its current history. As a result, due to migration mobility the economy got transformed that in turn provided much of the labor and a fair bit of the demand that stimulated a decade long. The labor market in Spain is not able to cope with huge increase in various workers becoming unemployed. The economic recovery in Spain was backed by the sternness policies of the government. Despite a positive macroeconomic outlook, the labor market continues to represent the major structural problems in Spain. This in turn acts as a barrier that hinders inclusive as well as consistent socioeconomic development. The competitiveness of the economy in Spain deteriorated that in turn led to further decline of growth. This in turn led to increase in the rate of unemployment as well as the reaction of the Spanish government with a rang e of structural reforms. The structural reform on the one hand gave importance to agreements related to collective bargaining at the firm level over those ascertained at the sector. This in turn made it easier for the firms to take a back seat from a collective bargaining. On the other hand, the provision of the Employment Protection Legislation of Spain was significantly modified.[5] The labor market in Spain however lacks the absorption capacity that is required to translate GDP growth improvement into substantial improvement. The labor reform of the year 2012 introduced suppleness to a traditionally inflexible job market. Most of the young individuals are affected by complexities in accessing the labor market as compared to the total population groups. Spain has also become one of the key migration destination among the member states in the European Union. Migration mobility also had an imperative impact on the framework of the labor market in Spain as well as its economy. The migrant employees mostly occupied the jobs that were generated in Spain. As per the reports, the migrant population thus leading to the development of the economy generates 50 percent of the GDP in Spain. The major role that is played by the migrant population in Spain leads to substantial sectorial concentration. [6] The composition of the foreign populace in Spain has altered considerably. The largest immigration was mainly due to onward mobility that indicates the fact that leaving the country of destination in order to shift to a third country. Intra-mobility in Spain is regulated by migration in the EU. Directives, providing rights of entry as well as reside within the EU to certain categories of migrants. Such migrants mostly include long-term residents as well as highly qualified employees. With the increasing importance of the EU acquis, the policy procedures strengthen intra-EU mobility for specific groups. The migration mobility is also considered as a probable solution to imbalances in the rate of employment. [7] Most of the works pose as a challenge to the prototype of migration as an enduring as well as one-off movement that mostly focuses on return migration. The restricted research on onward migration has mostly concentrated on the influence of human capital as well as occupational status in this mobility. However, it is argued that onward migration acts as an unsuccessful solution to the problems related to socio-economic integration. Migration in Spain is not considered unconnectedly from economic as well as legal incorporation procedures. It has been argued by the migration theory that links to migrants overseas encourage individuals to shift by lessening the risks as well as costs. This in turn helps to increase the advantages related to migration. [8] Senegalese migration to Spain has its origin in the imposing relationship with France. During the colonial period some employees were employed temporarily in the administration of France with the help of blue-collar position. The information related to migration mobility is gathered with the help of MAFE survey that helps to provide longitudinal information on the migration network of the respondents. The studies highlights the instability of migration careers, both in terms of weakening circumstances in the European labor markets and of associated hardening of legal status of the migrants. It is imperative to mention the quest for a better life as the motive for activating secondary migration within Spain. [9] The three major challenges that are faced by the labor markets in Spain includes the reduction of youth unemployment, re-balancing the duality of the job market by enhancing the job security as well as resolving long-term unemployment. The major structural problem for the labor market is the youth unemployment rate. This in turn affected more than one million youth, who belonged to the age group of 16 and 24 years. The youth was mainly referred to as the lost generation. The major reason that led to youth unemployment was the outdated education system that led to high rate of academic failure in the schools. The education system in Spain is mostly polarized between a cadre of exceedingly trained youth as well as young individuals with negligible work experience. As per reports, only 32 percent of the individuals in Spain holds a degree from vocational training. There is also a requirement to enhance the dual training by underling the connection between the educational systems as well as trades. [10] There is also a need to re-balance duality in the job market with the help of strong segmentation. The structural and the cyclical problems related to the Spanish labor market are mostly highlighted with the help of strong segmentation. Job securities are mostly enjoyed by long-term contracted workers however; short-term contracted workers enjoy restricted social security as well as high seasonability. In the year 2014, the rate of temporary unemployment increased by 24.6 percent despite the labor reform that took place. This mostly comprised of the economic recovery together with the generation of jobs with long-term contracts. The duality of the labor market discloses a social divide that aggravates inequality as well as it puts at danger those who are working however; in a poverty situation. [11] Long-term unemployment is also considered as the structural problem that requires to be eradicated. Radically exaggerated by the severity and duration of the crisis, the percentage of the working population that is receiving long-term unemployment benefits is practically unaffected. Due to outdated training that is provided to the young individuals, the job opportunities also gets lessened as well as diminished. The labor market also has restricted capacity that provides fewer opportunities to those who are not able to get good training. The perseverance of long-term unemployment has a direct impact on both poverty as well as social elimination. Poverty mostly takes place when the rate of unemployment increases. The increase in long-term unemployment financial support objectives to alleviate the risk of poverty as well as entails the cost of opportunity. The high financial cost of the unemployment subsidy restricts the creation of active jobs. As a result, it generates tension betwee n risks of policies related to poverty prevention as well as those favoring active search of employment. [12] The geographies of work had a dual objective that mostly intends to make the economy of Spain more competitive. This is mostly possible by increasing suppleness of the labor market that helps to generate jobs. However, increasing suppleness was escorted by diminish in job security as well as lower salaries. The cost of firing employees gets reduced with the help of labor law reform. This in turn prioritizes company treaties in advance of collective bargaining treaties. Austerity policy as well as other structural reforms in the labor market had a negative influence on social justice. However, Spain has been able to reduce the rate of unemployment among the most vulnerable groups with the help of policies that geared to the entry of the groups as well as stabilization in the labor market. There are few structural reforms that require to be adopted by the Spanish economy. Spain also requires to link and mediate objectives that in turn attracts foreign direct investment as well as promo tes overseas trade to high-value added sectors. These sectors are permeable in displacing damaged jobs toward export-oriented industrial sectors as well as services. [13] Spain has been able to achieve major advances through a global impartiality policy as well as significant structural reforms. Spain had also assumed that structural reforms mostly concentrate making labor markets more self-motivated. Spain advanced a lot during the year 2013, however; the advancement was without the productivity growth. The migration mobility led to increase in the number of individuals coming into the country. However, the outflows of migrants are likely to have a negative impact on the economy. The major areas such as the housing market as well as the retail sales are also bounded to get affected due to migration outflows. [14] It has also been found that majority of individuals who are presently turning their back on Spain are mostly the migrants recurring to their home countries. It has also been found that most of the individuals dwelling in Spain are also departing from their countries in order to search for jobs in other stronger economies in Europe such as Britain, Switzerland as well as Germany. With their departure, torment amid warnings had sparked due to the fact that Spain is losing some of its brightest talent to overseas land. However, many economists views migration outflow as a relief as it helps to open a safety regulator. This is mostly because, the individuals who are leaving from the Spanish labor market are mostly those who are not able to find jobs. As a result, their departures are lifting the burden from the labor market in Spain. [15] Leaving Spain is likely to lead to bitter recognition, as their struggle to build a new life is likely to end in the future. The attempt of the middle class to secure a divergence between the domestic as well as public sphere clashed with the experiences of everyday life of labors. According to the hypothesis made by Krugman, it has been found that the higher is the degree og labor turnover, the lesser is the rate of unemployment across the countries. The rate of degree of cyclicality of appointing as well as firing rates differs largely in Spain. Interpreting Krugman hypothesis to a regional level, it has been found that high rates of unemployment are mostly active in those areas, where the degree of job searching is lower. On the other hand, areas of regional unemployment are mostly those areas where the procedure of job creation is boosting. [16] The political and the social prevalence of the Spanish capitalist class reinforced preceding religious as well as philosophical viewpoint that linked women with domesticity. The divisions between male and female spheres were strengthened with the help of the legal system. Geographies of labor market are mostly concerned with various geographies that include unemployment, incomes as well as employment. Over the past years, the geography of work has accomplished growing attention from both policy makers as well as academic analysts. The research into labor as well as labor markets has been increasing apace, in the economic geography. Most of the economists have also discovered geography in their theorization as well as investigation of the labor market. However, in the past the economists did not assign much importance to the geography of the labor market. [17] In Spain, the major focus is on the local and the regional labor markets however; it is not considered as a purely academic one. The geographies of labor have served to problematise the way by which individuals views the local labor market. It is argued that geography acts to balkanize the labor market, imparting strong as well as variable local barriers. As a result, the national labor market can be viewed as a spatial assortment of overlapping domestic markets. The domestic labor markets, on the demand side mostly trace out labor catchments. On the other hand, the domestic labor markets embrace the service fields as well as job search places of workers on the supply side. The more the labor supply get rid of of employers as well as the employment field of workers overlap as well as involve the similar set of individuals, the more self-sufficient domestic labor markets will be. Domestic labor markets are much more fluid as well as disperse than it is contingent from travel-to-work a reas. [18] There has been crisis of capitalism in Spain that led to massive debts that is accumulated in the banking system. The massive debts were also due to housing bubble that fuelled the previous development cycle. It is also mainly due to budget deficit that was accumulated due to financial crisis as well initial post security of the banks. During the boom period, Spain went through uninterrupted economic growth. The size distribution of the Spanish region is a critical factor. Spain is mostly viewed as a comparatively larger region that is not uniform in terms of economic performance. [19] In Spain, the research on creative industries is subjective. The leading approach is termed as the economics of culture. However, the policies for creative industries do not survive as such at the country level. Spain provides an ideal location for examining the relationship between corporatists planning as well as globalization. The arguments related to the termination of the national sovereignty in the global economy are overspent. The materialization and the consolidation of social bargaining were not prevented by the increase in foreign direct investment as well as exposure to trade and capital mobility. There were strong political incentives that were faced by the governments in Spain to mitigate. [20] The case related to the geographies of work in Spain confirms that the connection between changes in the global economic environment as well as the procedure related to domestic policy making relies on political as well as economic factors. Social deals emerged in Spain in a context that is marked by the self-governing transition as well as the financial crisis. The social actors in Spain were convinced by the intensity of the crisis. The process is mostly referred to as social concertation. The major objective of these agreement was to restrain wage demands in order to control inflation as well as foster the mending of trade profits. [21] The cooperation with transit countries such as Senegal, Morocco as Mauritina is the secret of the success of Spain. Conclusion It has been concluded that the major reason that led to youth unemployment was the outdated education system that led to high rate of academic failure in the schools. There are large flows of workers in Spain, moving from employment to unemployment that are not caused due to financial downturn. It has also been concluded that the costs of firing employees gets reduced with the help of labor law reform. It has been found that due to migration mobility, the number of outsiders living in Spain augmented eightfold in just over a decade. The increase in long-term unemployment financial support objectives to alleviate the risk of poverty as well as entails the cost of opportunity. Spain does not have the similar monopolistic as well as encompassing union that exists in other countries including Germany, Austria as well as Sweden. Spain is often referred to as the country with an in-between system of wage bargaining. It is found that most of the individuals dwelling in Spain are also depart ing from their countries in order to search for jobs in other stronger economies in Europe such as Britain and Switzerland. Bibliography Aceleanu, M.I., 2013. The labour market in the post-crisis economy: the case of Spain.Theoretical and Applied Economics,18(3), pp.135-146. Araujo, S.G. and Pedone, C., 2013. Migration policies and family life across the Atlantic. Latin American migrant families in Spain. InMigration and family. Theory, research and fields of action. VS-Verlag Wiesbaden. Bacaria, J., Coll, J.M. and Snchez-Montijano, E., 2015. The Labour Market in Spain: Problems, Challenges and Future Trends. Policy Brief# 2015/01. Bell, M., Charles?Edwards, E., Kupiszewska, D., Kupiszewski, M., Stillwell, J. and Zhu, Y., 2015. Internal migration data around the world: Assessing contemporary practice.Population, Space and Place,21(1), pp.1-17. Bentolila, S., Dolado, J.J. and Jimeno, J.F., 2012. Reforming an insider-outsider labor market: the Spanish experience. IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 1(1), p.1. Clemente, J., Larramona, G. and Olmos, L., 2016. Interregional Migration and Thresholds: Evidence from Spain.Spatial Economic Analysis, pp.1-18. Connolly, H., Marino, S. and Lucio, M.M., 2014. Trade union renewal and the challenges of representation: Strategies towards migrant and ethnic minority workers in the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom.European Journal of Industrial Relations, p.0959680113516848. Dolado, J.J., Jansen, M., Felgueroso, F., Fuentes, A. and Wlfl, A., 2013. Youth Labour Market Performance in Spain and its Determinants. Hall, P.A., 2014. Varieties of capitalism and the Euro crisis. West European Politics, 37(6), pp.1223-1243. Huete, R., Mantecn, A. and Estvez, J., 2013. Challenges in lifestyle migration research: Reflections and findings about the Spanish crisis.Mobilities,8(3), pp.331-348. Kieselbach, T., van Heeringen, K., La Rosa, M., Lemkow, L., Sokou, K. and Starrin, B. eds., 2013. Living on the edge: An empirical analysis on long-term youth unemployment and social exclusion in Europe (Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. McIlwaine, C. and Datta, K., 2014. Sustaining a global city at work: resilient geographies of a migrant division of labour. Sustainable London?: The future of a global city, p.111. Muntaner, C., 2016. Global precarious employment and health inequalities: working conditions, social class, or precariat?. Cadernos de Sade Pblica, 32(6). Royo, S., 2013. How did the Spanish financial system survive the first stage of the global crisis?. Governance, 26(4), pp.631-656. Sabater, A. and Massey, D.S., 2015. Contrasting patterns of migration and settlement. InDemographic Analysis of Latin American Immigrants in Spain(pp. 55-82). Springer International Publishing. Sacchi, S., 2015. Conditionality by other means: EU involvement in Italys structural reforms in the sovereign debt crisis. Comparative European Politics, 13(1), pp.77-92. Silvestre, J. and Reher, D.S., 2014. The Internal Migration of Immigrants: Differences between One?Time and Multiple Movers in Spain.Population, Space and Place,20(1), pp.50-65. Stanek, M., Hosnedlov, R. and Brey, E., 2016. Research on Ukrainian Migration to Spain: Moving Beyond the Exploratory Approach. InUkrainian Migration to the European Union(pp. 193-214). Springer International Publishing. Streeck, W., 2014. Taking Crisis Seriously: Capitalism on Its Way Out. Stato e mercato, 34(1), pp.45-68. Urbanos-Garrido, R.M. and Lopez-Valcarcel, B.G., 2015. The influence of the economic crisis on the association between unemployment and health: an empirical analysis for Spain. The European Journal of Health Economics, 16(2), pp.175-184. Vaughan-Whitehead, D. ed., 2013. Public sector shock: The impact of policy retrenchment in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Legislative Critique on Maritime Port and Security Act 2002

Introduction The legislative commission chair, Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Subcommittee chairperson and Intelligence agency head backed Maritime Port and Security Act 2002. The Act incorporates the numerous national, state, confined and personal regulations enforcement bureaus managing the sanctuary of the global boundaries at America’s harbors.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Legislative Critique on Maritime Port and Security Act 2002 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The statement permits additional defense detectives, extra testing paraphernalia, and the construction of key protection communications at seaports. The bill aims at keeping the American borders safe and assuring the business community of their security.  The governing body in charge of Commerce collectively accepted a prior report of the Port and Maritime Security Act on August 2, 2001, which paid attention on fel ony, freight robbery, and smuggling. Subsequent to 9/11, the statement was radically extended to tackle the latest danger of bombing at America’s docks. The Bush government sanctioned the fresh bill on 12/6, and the Senate endorsed it undisputedly on Dec. 20, 2001. The House of Representatives approved the statement on June 4, 2002. The convention accomplished its mission on November 12, and its findings fired to the Senate for deliberation. This essay examines the provisions of the bill and effects resulting from their application. The paper proceeds to examine the strengths and weaknesses while attempting to review the bill. Provisions of the Bill The law stipulates that the Secretary in charge of shipping will carry out an evaluation of every yacht and goods on or close to the sea to note those at danger of being engaged in a shipping safety event. A haulage safety event implies a precaution occasion ensuing from a major manslaughter, ecological harm, hauling structure dis traction, or financial disorder in a specific region. Formerly, the susceptible transportation is noted, and temporary defense procedures are espoused while the shoreline security will carry out exhaustive susceptibility evaluation of yachts and facilities. The bill gives room for creation of a countrywide Maritime Transportation defense arrangement, regional sea Transportation safety and shoreline security, which will be sufficient to discourage a shipping defense occurrence to the greatest degree (Arun, 2003). Regional strategies will besides be created to include emergency reaction to possible rebel harassment.  The bill sets up an endowment plan to create just and unbiased allotment to docks administration, harbors equipments to workers, as well as national and confined organizations to offer defense infrastructures and services.Advertising Looking for critical writing on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It further sanctions funding for diverse categories of safety improvements including compensation for advances that are in conformity with centralized state and regional defense strategies that have been created since9/11, 2001. The bill sought to approve essential funds to facilitate compliance from beneficiaries as demanded by the centralized defense Act. The legislation calls upon the management to suggest financial support stages for seaport safety tactics and consents to yearly information in line with conformity to the defense order provided in the act. The act therefore empowers $90 million in studies and growth funding to be issued to build up techniques to augment the capacity of the U.S. Customs Service to examine goods in every ship. The research aims at coming up with apparatus for identifying nuclear equipments civilizing the labels and seals utilized in shipping such as stylish sensors for providing footpath to consignments and paraphernalia for reducing the chances of rebel attacks. The bill integrates a Coast Guard authorization bill, which happens to be the foremost seaside authorization bill that has been voted for by the Congress ever since 1998. The bill sanctions roughly $6 billion dollars for the Coast Guard’s entire financial plan for financial year 2003. This is around $1billion higher as compared to the total allocated in the Financial Year 2002 haulage appropriations bill, moreover it is just about $200 million higher than the $5.8 billion of entire endorsed sum in Financial Year 2002. The bill enlarges the utmost end-of-year vigor to 45,500 dynamic duty martial recruits, up and about from 35,500 comprising employee enticements.  The bill consents to $33 million for the expansion of defense teaching and for the edification and documentation of centralized, national, and personal defense staff. It authorizes the Secretary of shipping to build up a syllabus for teaching and values for the documentation of naval defense expert s.  The values are to be created through discussions with the centralized law providing teaching hub over and above defense and police organizations, personal groups, and those with freight and naval defense knowledge. This teaching may perhaps be offered at every state naval military institute, the United States commercial maritime college, the Appalachian shipping association, and other defense teaching institutions.  These training prospects could be offered to naval defense staff in the United States and to employees working in overseas harbors utilized by ships with United States people as travelers and team associates.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Legislative Critique on Maritime Port and Security Act 2002 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bill entails the enlargement of a naval aptitude structure to gather and evaluate data pertaining to ships operating in waters under the power of th e United States and the team, travelers and cargoes ferried. A naval intelligence organization will be projected to work jointly with other bureaus and to gather and examine data not accessible through other intelligence sources. Weaknesses of the Act Foreign Vessels There is no supreme authority controlling global shipping. MTSA demands the seaside security to account for oversees-flag ships occupying the U.S. harbors, exclusively those ships with shadowy ownership records, and to account for measures employed to address the lucidity of ship registration measures (section 112). Within December 2002, as indicated above, the IMO espoused rigorous global values for the protection of ships and harbors. The Congress is expected to scrutinize the usefulness of seaside security and global attempts at elevating the defense level of vessel workers. Critiques challenge that the latest IMO policies generally suggest the false impression of improved safety. They argue that states do not have t he resolution to implement these values and that the conformity to certification is easily maneuvered in order to look as legitimate workers. Whereas the United States insists on its values when the seaside security chooses incoming ships for entering, their trouble is bigger if there is no efficient global transport system that pre-screens inferior delivery. Roles and Responsibilities A key worry for U.S. strategists is handing over tasks and errands to naval defense among centralized organizations, among central, state, and confined organizations, and between administration bureaus and personal business. Patent tasks and errands are required to avoid reiteration, repetition of tasks, and contradictory rules. It is important that the naval operation society recognize that national organizations are working in concert, or else the DHS’s objective of a secure joint venture with private sector in combating terrorism may possibly be perturbed. Intelligence Sharing The obscurity of identifying terrorist action by the moment it penetrates the sea structure may perhaps point the importance of intelligence. The majority admits that there is presently excessively a lot consignment, coming from the entire world. To inspect every batch systematically might be time consuming.Advertising Looking for critical writing on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Detecting terrorist actions probably needs actionable or accurate intelligence in discovering precisely the consignment to seize. The GAO intelligence, in exterior haulage, appropriate information distribution has been hindered by deficiency of typical procedure to swap information among national, state, and local administrative bureaus and clandestine units. On top of hurdles to more successful intelligence, distribution with confined docks authorities could be that state and local administration representatives do not have the vital defense approval. Funding Port Security In the minds of several people, the unanswered question over how to reimburse funds for docks precautions halts the attempts to develop port safety. The dispute is over whether seaport defense should be compensated for with funds from central government, by state and local governments, by the marine sector, or by a charge sharing agreement among every stakeholder. The seashore security approximately guesses the p rice of executing the new IMO defense policy and the protection requirements in MTSA to be around $1.5 billion for the foremost year and $7.3 billion over the subsequent decade. Congress has availed over $650 million in the course of 2005 financial year. Supporters for extra expenditure dispute that the centralized finances granted to docks administration are consequently insufficient, mainly when contrasted to airdromes. Critiques of extra expenditure disagree that taxpayers should not grant resources to huge and commercial conglomerates to defend infrastructure that is in their own monetary concern. Sources of Funds An argument over how to fund defense necessities cropped at some point in the consultation commission on MTSA. Senator Hollings projected the establishment a structure of client bill on ship consignment as a way of sourcing finances for docks safety improvement essential in the implementation. Other committee members differed with this suggestion, terming the client ch arge a levy. A number of policymakers challenge that without availing a financial support, the bill results to an unfulfilled command. Seaport administrators, marine haulers, and ship owners’ dispute that, docks safety is a national worry and thus the central government must fund it through common revenues (Krouse, 2004). Others disagree that the marine industry should fund docks defense through client charge since it is a direct receiver of better safety, as it cuts down consignment robbery and other financially viable costs.  Supporters of client charge challenge that customer surcharges are an efficient way of guaranteeing enhanced defense since they would offer an additionally safe and unsurprising source of money as opposed to yearly estimates. They suggest that a docks safety reliance account be established in a way that thwarts any efforts of the consumer charges from being exhausted on something other than docks safety. If such a seaport dependence account were form ed, they dispute, docks defense would not have to battle with other grant precedence in the yearly budget procedure. Various financial analysts assert that a customer charge arrangement is furthermore professional than straight financial assistance since the consumers of the service being offered, (in this case docks defense) are expected to claim that policymakers use the finances in the most prolific way. Strengths of the Bill Bureau of Customs and Border Protection In the midst of agendas CBP has instigated to respond to the terrorist risk are the Container refuge program and the Customs-Trade enterprise alongside terrorism. Container program is a progression of joint, mutual accords that, alongside other things, permit CBP staff at chosen overseas docks to pre-screen U.S.-bound cargo. Consecutively, it provides supervisors with records and time they require to pre-screen cargo. CBP gave out a fresh decree obliging that information regarding to an ocean consignment is sent out to CBP 24 hours prior to loading the consignment at an overseas docks onto a U.S.-bound ship. Formerly, marine haulers did not present this data until the vessel arrived at U.S. docks. CBP is furthermore demanding more inclusive and precise consignment information so that it can competently assess individual cargo batch for possibility of bombing.  Extra exhaustive information is anticipated to facilitate rapid non-intrusive scrutiny of sky-scraping peril cargos by reducing the figure of cargo assessor requirement for closer inspection. The justification for Container program is that a nuclear bludgeon or a radiological faulty explode that penetrates a U.S. seaport may perhaps be exploded prior to inspection (O’Rourke, 2006). Customs-Trade enterprise instigated in April 2002 allows importers to expedite dispensation of goods if they conform to CBP rules for protecting their total supply chain. Companies that adhere to the plan are expected, among other things, to carry out an inclusive evaluation of their delivery chain and surrender a fulfilled feedback form to CBP that illustrate their recent safety practices. If CBP confirm a candidate, they might gain from a condensed quantity of consignment examination, thus tumbling the possibility of consignment holdup. Transportation Security Administration The Transportation Security Administration in concurrence with CBP is carrying out the Operation Safe Commerce (OSC) direct plan. The aim of OSC is to validate the stuffing of containers at their place of packing, guarantee the substantial reliability of containers on shipment, and monitor their progress in the course of every form of transportation from source to ultimate end. Container monitoring is an important part of discussion about consignment safety. A range of stylish container handling procedures are being molded which will facilitate synchronized positioning of information and cargo meddling warning. The problem lies on coming up with a device that can endure the insensitive marine milieu, be comparatively economical, and consistent adequately so as not to elicit fake alarms (Loy Ross, 2002). TSA is furthermore experimenting with a Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) for staff in all approaches to haulage that will be utilized in managing admission to protected vicinities of consignment and commuter services. The organization has devised a marine Self-evaluating t threat component to support seaport terminal and yacht proprietors in increasing their safety tactics as mandated by MTSA. Conclusion The bill introduced in 2002 only modified the previous provisions by perfecting some chapters and doing away with some. The bill generally was meant to combat the emerging security threat on terrorism. By assessing its strengths and weaknesses, it is established that the Act has a long way to go before it terrorism threats at seaports are dealt with. Many amendments ought to be made so that the bill can operate glo bally. As it stands now, the Act is looked upon with numerous hostilities especially from the owners of vessels from Middle East. The business community is not left behind either, they claim that inspection is time consuming which can end up causing heavy losses to perishable goods. The bill has a side effect to economic development even though it strives to increase the safety at seaport. References Arun, C. (2003). An Overview of Security Issues Involving Marine Containers and Ports: proceedings of the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. Web. Krouse, W. (2004). Department of Homeland Security Consolidation of Border and Transportation Security Agencies. CRS Report RL31549. Web. Loy, J. Ross, G. (2002). Global Trade, America’s Achilles Heel, Defense Horizons. O’Rourke, R. (2006). Homeland Security: Coast Guard Operations — Background and Issues for Congress, CRS Report RS21125. Web. This critical writing on Legislative Critique on Maritime Port and Security Act 2002 was written and submitted by user Javon Rojas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.